Here's a list of abbreviations we use here and seen on other automotive forums. Feel free to add others you think of.
A/C - Air Conditioning
A/D - Analog to Digital
A/F Air-Fuel Ratio
ABS - Anti-Lock Brake System
ADC - Analog to Digital Converter
AE - Acceleration Enrichment
Aero - Aerodynamic(s)
AFCO - All Fuel Cut Off
AFPR - Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator
AFR - Air Fuel Ratio
ALDL - Assembly Line Diagnostic Link
ALPHA-N - Throttle Position & RPM based EFI
BBC - Big Block Chevy
BDC - Bottom Dead Center
BIN - Binary file
BLM - Block Learn Multiplier
BP - Barometric Pressure
BPW - Base Pulse Width
CAFÉ - Corporate Average Fuel Economy
CAN - Controller Area Network
CARB - Carburetor (Also California Air Resources Board)
CAT - Catalytic Converter
cc - cubic centimeters
CC - Combustion Chamber
CCC - Computer Controlled CARB
CDI - Capacitive Discharge Ignition
CEL - Check Engine
CFI - CrossFire Injection
CL - Closed Loop
CNP - Coil Near Plug
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CTS - Coolant Temp Sensor
DAC - Digital Analog Converter
DC - Duty Cycle
DE - Deceleration Enleanment
DFCO - Deceleration Fuel Cut-Off
DIY - Do It Yourself
ECM - Engine Control Module
EBL - Embedded lockers
ECT - Engine Coolant Temperature
ECU - Electronic Control Unit
EEPROM - Electronically-Erasable EPROM
EFI - Electronic Fuel Injection
EGO - Exhaust Gas Oxygen
EGR - Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGT - Exhaust Gas Temperature
EPROM Electronically Programmed ROM
ESC - Electronic Spark Control
EST - Electronic Spark Timing
FEEPROM - Flash EEPROM
FP - Fuel Pump
FPR - Fuel Pressure Regulator
GM - General Motors
GN - Grand National
HEGO - Heated EGO
HEI - High Energy Ignition
HW - Highway
IAC - Idle Air Control
IAT - Intake Air Temp
IC - Injector Constant
INT - Integrator
KS - Knock Sensor
Lean AFR - Greater than stoichiometric
LT - Long Tubes
LTC - Long Term Correction
MAF - Mass Air Flow
MAP - Manifold Absolute Pressure or Manifold Air Pressure
MAT - Manifold Air Temperature
MIL - Malfunction Indicator Lamp
MPFI - Multi Port Fuel Injection
NB - Narrow Band
NETRES - Resistor Network
O2 - Oxygen
OBD-I - On-Board Diagnostics pre-95
OBD-II - On-Board Diagnostics post-95 pre CAN
OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer
OL - Open Loop
PA3 - Peripheral Address # (GM Knock Counter)
PCM - Powertrain Control Module
PE -Power Enrichment
PFI - Port Fuel Injection
PIC - Programmable Integrated Circuit
PROM - Programmable ROM
PW - Pulse Width
PWM - Pulse Width Modulation
RESNET - Resistor Network
Rich AFR - Less than stoichometric
ROM - Read Only Memory
SA - Spark Advance
SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers
SBC - Small Block Chevy
SD - Speed Density
SES - Service Engine Soon
SFI/SEFI - Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection
STC -Short Term Correction
Stoich - Stoichiometric
TBI - Throttle Body Injection
TCC - Torque Converter Clutch
TDC - Top Dead Center
TPI - Tuned Port Intake
TPS - Throttle Position Sensor
VAFPR - Vacuum-Referenced FPR
VE - Volumetric Efficiency
VS - Vehicle Speed
VSS - Vehicle Speed Sensor
WB/WBO - Wide Band O2 Sensor
WOT - Wide Open Throttle